Antagonist
A molecule that binds a receptor and blocks its activation — used therapeutically to silence an over-active signalling pathway.
Definition
An antagonist binds a receptor without activating it, preventing the endogenous ligand from binding and blocking downstream signalling. Antagonists feature more prominently in small-molecule drug design (beta-blockers, antihistamines) than in peptide therapeutics, which tend to mimic rather than block native signals.
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Agonist
A molecule that binds a receptor and triggers its activity — most therapeutic peptides are agonists of a specific endogenous receptor.
MechanismReceptor Binding
The molecular interaction between a drug and its receptor — the first step in pharmacodynamics and the determinant of specificity.
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